Most speakers and microphones can connect to the computer with these audio cables. It is available in several sizes, but the most common ones used with computers are the 3.5 mm or 1/8” mini audio jack. The most common audio cable is the standard headphone jack, otherwise known as a TSR connector. Audio Cables and Connectors 2.1 - 3.5mm headphone jack Many other non-USB cables can also connect to your computer via a USB converter these cables have the standard USB-A connector on one end while the other end could have connections for other ports such as Ethernet or audio. Then you have USB Male to Female connectors for extending the length of a USB cable.
The other end of the USB cable may have different connectors including USB-B (a square connector commonly used with printers, external hard drives, and larger devices) or smaller connectors such as the Mini-USB and Micro-USB that are commonly used with portable devices such as media players and phones.Īdditionally, many other connectors have USB-A connectors at the end that connects to the computer, and a device-specific connector at the other end (e.g.
The USB-A end is present on every USB cable as it is the end that connects to your computer.
How to recognize USB Cables - The standard USB connector, USB-A, is a rectangular connector. Additionally, USB cables are also used for charging a variety of gadgets including mobile phones or for transferring data from one computer to another. You can use USB cables to connect most new devices to your computer including flash memory sticks, portable media players, internet modems and digital cameras.Ĭomputer accessories like mice, keyboards, webcams, portable hard-drives, microphones, printers, scanners and speakers can also be connected to the computer through USB ports. You may also refer to this guide for ideas on how to hook different devices using commonly available connectors and converters.Īlso see: Organize Computer Cables with Binder Clips Here’s a visual guide to help you quickly identify all the common cable and connectors that came bundled with your computers, mobile phones and other electronic gadgets. Spirent provides a test bed that emulates, measure and impair gPTP networked devices using industry proven techniques and products to help develop robust products with accurate timing.Computer cables are confusing to most users.
In a typical device under test the application functionality turnaround time can and will impact the downstream path delay calculation when internal DUT hardware and software resources are shared between the application functions and network communications. Synchronization/rounding errors in local DUT clocksĪsymmetric delays in physical layer ie: time stamp type and pointĬable lengths between forward and reverse paths Do they reflect the actual delay experienced by the sync messages? Possible errors: Variable Errors The two main contributors to timing errors are the accuracy of the correction field and the peer delay calculations for each member in the network. Impairment / Error injection - Timing and Synchronization for IEEE 802.1 – gPTPĪs you are deploying a time-aware network we must take into consideration timing errors. Timers: Observed Parent offset scaled log Variance, Observed Parent Clock Phase Change Rate, Grandmaster Identity, Grandmaster Clock Class, accuracy, offset Variance, Grandmaster Priority 1, 2Ĭounters: Announce Rate: Tx / Rx Min, Max Average Packets per second,Sync Rate: RX Min, Max, Average Packets per second, Follow up Rate: RX Min, Max, Average Packets per second, Peer Delay Request Rate: RX Min, Max, Average, Peer Delay Response Rate: RX Min, Max, Average, Peer Delay Response Follow up Rate: RX Min, Max, AverageĬounters: Faulty, Disabled Count, Listening Count, Pre-Master Count, Master / Slave Count, Passive, Uncalibrated Count, 802.1as up / down
States: gPTP Time Scale, Current UTC offset Valid, Leap59, Leap61, Time/Frequency Traceable, Time SourceĬounters: Current offset, Positive / Negative offset Peak and deviation, Current, Min, Max, Average Mean Path Delay, Average offset plus / minus deviation, Step Removed, Minimum Pdelay Request Interval, Peer Mean Path Delay, Sync / Follow-up / Pdelay Correction Field Response and follow-up, Invalid Timestamp count
Timers: Current, Min, Max, Avg Mean Path DelayĬounters: TX / RX Announce, TX/RX Sync, TX / RX Follow up, TX / RX Peer Delay Request, TX / RX Peer Delay Response, TX / RX Peer Delay Follow up States: Clock Identity, State, Clock Accuracy Spirent also automatically calculates the following IEEE802.1as gPTP Clock information: IEEE802.1as Clock Results